materials from a safe stand-off distance [6–8]. The distance of the protected building from the point of explosive detonation is commonly referred to as the stand-off distance. UNCLASSIFIED Bomb Threat Stand-Off Distances Explosives Building Outdoor Threat Description Capacity1(TNT Evacuation Evacuation Equivalent) Distance2 Distance3 5 LBS/ 70 FT/ 850 FT/ Pipe Bomb 2.3 KG 21 M 259 M Briefcase/ 50 LBS/ 150 FT/ 1,850 FT/ Suitcase Bomb 23 KG 46 M 564 M 500 LBS/ 320 FT/ 1,500 FT/ Compact Sedan 227 KG 98 M 457 M … Guidance as to what value stand-off should take varies, with the US DoD recommending a scaled distance of not less than 4.46 m/kg1/3[11.24 ft/lbs⅓] (US DoD, 2004). We present our work on stand-off Raman detection of explosives and related compounds. 70 ft. 21 m. 850 ft. 259 m. Suicide Belt 10 lbs. that the larger explosive weights upon which the controlled perimeter standoff distances. Be the first to answer! U.S. Army U.S. Army Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Safe Standoff Distance Cheat Sheet February 8, 2010 UFC 4-010-02 is For Official Use Only (FOUO) [5] Larger car bombs or truck bombs have a much larger standoff distance, as the blast radius is bigger. 0000008423 00000 n TECHNOLOGY AREA(S): Electronics. If personnel cannot enter a building to seek shelter they must evacuate to the minimum distance recommended by Outdoor Evacuation Distance. Building Category. 0000003565 00000 n 0000107488 00000 n Applicable Conventional. Korean Chem. 0000002041 00000 n 0000001551 00000 n Another feature of the PEAC-WMD tool is the Explosion Standoff Calculator. Learn how and when to remove this template message, T'Jae Gibson, Army Research Laboratory (August 15, 2011) Army seeks safe Soldier solutions through research, "Office for Bombing Prevention: Improvised Explosive Device Awareness", http://www.asisonline.org/councils/BlastResistantStandards_1.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Standoff_distance&oldid=953430857, Articles needing additional references from January 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 April 2020, at 07:19. Effective. The USA NTCT Bomb Threat Stand-Off Distances Table, as per the footnotes categorically states that:- Explosives Capacity (TNT Equivalent) is based on "maximum volume or weight of explosive (TNT equivalent) that could reasonably fit in a suitcase or vehicle." parking and roadways in Table B-1 apply. Determined by U.S. firefighting practices wherein safe distances are approximately 4 times the flame height. This Standoff IED, Person-Borne & Vehicle-Borne Explosives & Weapon Detection: Technologies & Global Market 2015-2020 report is a valuable resource for executives with interests in … (a) (b) (a) (b) Figure 3 (a) Active mode RIRS spectra of TNT deposited on an Al plate measured at 8, 20, 25, and 30 m and surface concentrations of 400 μg/cm 2 ((1), (2), (3), and (6)) and 50 μg/cm 2 (4), respectively. 0000005820 00000 n characteristics and intensity of the blast loading. 0000076861 00000 n Using this system we demonstrate the spectroscopic detection of concealed explosives at a stand-off distance of 1 m, both real time, in reflection, and under normal atmospheric conditions. UFC 4-010-02 8 October 2003 FOREWORD The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and … For quantity and distance purposes, detonating cord of 50 or 60 grains per foot should be calculated as equivalent to 9 lbs. Published in NCTC Resources. Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) Participating Agencies. Standoff distance is a security term that refers to measures to prevent unscreened and potentially threatening people and vehicles from approaching within a certain distance of a building, car, or other shelter, roadblock or other location, or to a person such as a law enforcement officer or VIP, or to a friendly area / location. Standoff distance is also intended to deter terrorists from using car bombs by making it more difficult for them to cause catastrophic damage. The SIRS system was configured by coupling a Fourier-transform infrared interferometer to a gold mirror and detector. Bomb Stand-Off Chart 1. Heavier or lighter core loads should be rated proportionately. The stand-off distance, which is an independent variable like V D, is selected to achieve a specific dynamic bend angle and velocity of impact. 0000005254 00000 n When police officers have carbines the standoff distance is increased because an attacker who poses a threat can be fired upon from greater distances. 0000097439 00000 n 0000103463 00000 n These distance is governed by the greater hazard of fragmentation distance, glass breakage or threshold for ear drum rupture. 0000012079 00000 n School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4001 GPO Box 2434Queensland, Australia . 6 1669 Experimental Section Apparatus. The standoff distance and the amount of charge determine the amount of pressure transmitted to the metal. 0000014845 00000 n With bomb threats, the standoff distance used by law enforcement officers depends on the size and type of the bomb. 4.5 kg. Stand-off techniques have received increasing attention as valuable methods for material analysis at remote distances. Other requests for this document shall be referred to the preparing activity. Construction. Parking and. Table B-1 Minimum Standoff Distances. 0000008400 00000 n Rapid, reliable, sensitive, compact and transportable stand-off detection systems are required for accurate and early detection of explosives of all types for protecting lives and properties. 0000090070 00000 n Eye‐safe UV stand‐off Raman spectroscopy for the ranged detection of explosives in the field. 0000095922 00000 n 0000005526 00000 n H�b``�b``�������.6�������Y'1ɰXpPlH`��8���Ղ�����A�� Ly �Z�[��Nﱿ�-�#>��A�s�d71�/�� 629 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 632 /H [ 2041 314 ] /L 171862 /E 109132 /N 1 /T 159163 >> endobj xref 629 60 0000000016 00000 n Answer. Applicable. Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Safe Standoff Distance Cheat Sheet Threat Description Explosives Mass1 (TNT equivalent) Building Evacuation Distance2 Outdoor Evacuation Distance3 Pipe Bomb 5 lbs 2.3 kg 70 ft 21 m 850 ft 259 m Suicide Belt 10 lbs 4.5 kg 90 … It is based on the concept that a blast shock load is essentially a high-pressure front that moves out radially and decays very quickly[10] - because blast falloff is thus often more exponential than linear (indeed radial - any given explosive must cover a circular-shaped area but blast power generally only increases linearly with explosive strength)[citation needed], any standoff distance helps increases survival chances for passersby and minimizes danger, though shrapnel mitigates this effect if present. %PDF-1.3 %���� Standoff Distance or Separation Requirements. The dimensions of anvil I were 2000 mm×450 mm×450 mm with hardness of 320 Hv and it was made of cast steel. A method of data analysis that involves pattern recognition enables effective differentiation of target types. 2.3 kg. Protection Methods A cone and rope system has been used to indicate the stand-off distance from the edge of the face Note also that in this case a bund has been positioned to prevent equipment such as bulk explosive trucks from coming on the blast area Note that the pipe bomb, suicide belt/vest, and briefcase/suitcase bomb are assumed to have a fragmentation characteristic that requires greater standoff distances than an equal amount of explosives in a vehicle. The Raman cross sections for NM, DNT, and TNT in vapor phase have been measured in the wavelength range 210–300 nm under laboratory conditions, in order to estimate how large resonance enhancement factors can be achieved for these explosives. Rapid, reliable, sensitive, compact and transportable stand-off detection systems are required for accurate and early detection of explosives of all types for protecting lives and properties. Stand-off techniques have received increasing attention as valuable methods for material analysis at remote distances. Contents—Continued Criteria for Non-DOD Explosives Activities (AE Operations and Storage) on U.S. Army Garrisons or installations † 8–10, page 64 Subdivision of explosives quantities † 8–11, page 65 Interpolation and extrapolation † 8–12, page 65 Measuring distance † 8–13, page 65 Ammunition and explosives risk † 8–14, page 66 Blast considerations † 8–15, page 66 0000005444 00000 n The distance between the shaped charge and the material is often referred to as the stand-off distance and various devices have been used to obtain such a stand-off. 0000004094 00000 n Standoff to entry control facilities / access control points. All types of blasting caps in strengths through No. STANDOFF DISTANCES FOR BUILDINGS DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C: FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Distribution authorized to U.S. Government Agencies and their contractors for operational use, 5 March 2002. Hydraulic roadblocks (sometimes wedge-shaped), or bollards can be raised to block approaching vehicles; these can be designed to prevent even a heavy, fast-moving truck from getting through. 27 m : 1,080 ft . 0000014868 00000 n 70 ft. 21 m. 850 ft. 259 m. Suicide Belt 10 lbs. In all situations the preferred method is to talk the kidnappers into releasing the hostages for ransom or otherwise talking them down using therapeutic or diplomatic techniques, to protect the safety of the hostages and, ideally, have the suspect surrender peacefully. Note that an LPG tank filled with high explosives would require a significantly greater standoff distance than if it were filled with LPG. 0000071706 00000 n The SRS instrument was built by fiber coupling a spectrograph to a reflective telescope. Explosive (1) Protection. a controlled perimeter, the standoff distances and explosive weight associated with. 34, No. 0000012056 00000 n Standoff infrared and Raman spectroscopy (SIRS and SRS) detection systems were designed from commercial instrumentation and successfully tested in remote detection of high explosives (HE). Billeting. www.PDHcenter.com PDH Course G294 www.PDHonline.org 1. 0000010860 00000 n The dynamic bend angle is a dependent variable that is controlled by the detonation velocity (V D) and the stand-off distance. EXPLOSIVE BLAST 4 EXPLOSIVE BLAST 4-1 This chapter discusses blast effects, building damage, inju-ries, levels of protection, stand-off distance, and predicting blast effects. 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