"In the bottom of the box, wrapped in sheets of old greaseproof paper, was an old film reel and the title card on the first frames - The Attack on the Hartlepools - was just visible.". "It was only later that I got around to sorting through the entire contents. Read about our approach to external linking. On 2nd May 1916, L20 began its second bombing raid on Britain with the intention of attacking factories and railways in Middlesborough, Stockton-on-Tees and Hartlepool, and targeting enemy warships near Edinburgh. Two of her 15 cm (5.9 in) guns were disabled; the bridge and a 210 mm (8.3 in) gun were damaged. Hole made in side of Baptist Chapel after bombardment ._x000D_ _x000D_ Air raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby , which took place on 16 December 1914 This was the opportunity that German strategy had been seeking, to even the odds; the ten British capital ships would have been outnumbered and outgunned; their loss would have ended the British numerical advantage. News of a torpedo attack was passed to Ingenohl, whose outlying destroyers were the ones involved in the fighting. [14], Ingenohl had already exceeded his standing orders from the Kaiser by involving the main German fleet in the operation, without informing the Kaiser. On 12 th May 1941 a “stick” of bombs fell across the Headland. The two forces rendezvoused at 11:00 near Moray Firth. [5] Commodore Reginald Tyrwhitt at Harwich was ordered to sea with his light cruisers, HMS Aurora and Undaunted and 42 destroyers. Hipper also noted radio traffic from British ships which caused concern that the British might be aware something was up. Goodenough sighted two more cruisers, Strassburg and Graudenz but failed to report them. [a] The Grand Fleet had to patrol continuously, whereas the ships of the High Seas Fleet could remain in port; the German navy could choose when to concentrate its ships and the British would always be dispersed. People fled the town by road and attempted to do so by train; 86 civilians were killed and 424 injured (122 killed and 443 wounded according to Arthur Marder in 1965). Bomb damage to houses in Brenda Road, Hartlepool (August 1940) By May 1940 Germany had blitzed through the Low Countries and France driving the … [12], The battleships and cruisers commanded by Warrender set out from Scapa Flow at 05:30 on 15 December. [8] The gun crews were warned at 04:30 of the possibility of an attack and were issued live ammunition. Blame eventually settled on the confused signals, which had been drafted by Lieutenant Commander Ralph Seymour, who remained flag officer to Beatty, making similar costly mistakes at the Battle of Dogger Bank and at the Battle of Jutland. The guns were manned by 11 officers and 155 local men of the Durham Royal Garrison Artillery. The only weapons the destroyers carried capable of damaging large vessels were torpedoes; as the ships were out of torpedo range the destroyers turned away except for Doon, which closed to 5,000 yd (2.8 mi; 4.6 km), fired one torpedo which missed and also turned away. Further damage to the ruined Whitby Abbey. [3] German ships used three main codes for which codebooks were issued to their ships; copies had been obtained by the Entente from sunk or captured vessels unbeknown to the Germans. Two raids accounted for all but one of the twenty-two fatalities in Hartlepool. Painting depicts bombardment Hartlepool-born James Clark produced this oil on canvas of the bombardment just weeks after the attack in 1915. Scarborough and Whitby have also been shelled. Kolberg remained, as she had 100 mines to lay. Two shore guns fired at the leading ship, while the third fired at the last, smaller, vessel. [1], It was also believed that two British battlecruisers—which would be the fast ships sent out first to investigate any attack—had been despatched to South America and had taken part in the Battle of the Falkland Islands. The Hartlepool Raid, 16 December 1914, was the only part of the German raid on the Yorkshire coast of 15-16 December to come up against a defended port. UNSEEN footage of the bombardment of Hartlepool during the First World War has been discovered in a box of broken cameras. Had Beatty appreciated the number of German ships, it is likely that he would have moved forward with all his ships, instead of recalling the one cruiser to screen his battlecruisers. The captain reported his sightings at 07:25, the signal being received by Warrender and also by New Zealand in Beatty's squadron but the information was not passed on to Beatty. [28], In 2010 archaeologist Bob Clarke, a local to Scarborough, wrote that at the time Scarborough was noted in maritime literature as a defended town due primarily to the castle site. The German ships gave chase but could not keep up and shortly returned to their fleet. The Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby on 16 December 1914 was an attack by the Imperial German Navy on the British ports of Scarborough, Hartlepool, West Hartlepool and Whitby. Mr Simmons said: "It is the best quality of any of the bombardment damage films but, crucially, contains a number of sections that have never been seen before, namely footage of Cleveland Street and the damage to houses at Carlton Terrace - including a close-up of local women and children.". [11] The ships had already departed when Patrol was clear of the harbour; Commodore Roger Keyes commented afterwards, that a target of three stationary cruisers was exactly what the submarine had been intended to attack. It also includes footage of the German attacks on Scarborough and Whitby the same day. Around 1,150 shells were fired at the town. Dozens of … During that short period over 500 shells rained down on the castle … [26] At first, blame for the light cruisers disengaging from the German ships fell upon the commander, Goodenough but the action was contrary to his record. The intention was to allow the raid to take place, then ambush the German ships as they returned. As the senior admiral, Warrender had command of the force, which sailed toward its ambush position at Dogger Bank. Churchill later defended the situation, arguing that the British ships were faster and could have turned about and run. Casualties included the first serviceman to be j killed on British soil in WW1 and two Gunners from the Durham RGA. The Admiralty ordered Keyes to take his two destroyers and attempt to torpedo Hipper as he returned home around 02:00; Keyes had considered this and wanted to try but the message was delayed and failed to reach him until too late. Warrender and Beatty kept apart to avoid shallow water over the Dogger Bank and to cut off different routes which Hipper might take to avoid minefields laid off the Yorkshire coast. Previously unseen footage of a World War One attack which killed 130 people has been revealed after being found at a market. ", Battles: Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby, 1914 FirstWorldWar.net, Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Scarborough,_Hartlepool_and_Whitby&oldid=998881878, Naval battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom, Naval battles of World War I involving Germany, Germany–United Kingdom military relations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 86 civilians killed and 424 wounded; 7 soldiers killed and 14 wounded, This page was last edited on 7 January 2021, at 13:11. Kolberg, damaged in the raid and lagging behind the others, saw the smoke from his ships but was not seen; Hipper escaped. A raid on Yarmouth had produced few results but demonstrated the potential for fast raiding into British waters. Visibility was now poor through rain and not all the British battleships had seen the enemy. The larger force suggested that bigger German ships would be following. Over 100 people died as more than 1,000 shells rained down on the town for about 40 minutes from the three heavy cruisers Blucher, Seydlitz and Moltke which emerged from the mist shortly after 8am on December 16 1914. At 08:00, Derfflinger and Von der Tann began to bombard the town. [5], Admiral Hipper left the Jade Bight at 03:00 on 15 December. [1], The High Seas Fleet was outnumbered by the Grand Fleet and perforce, avoided a fleet action. Over 100 people died as more than 1,000 shells rained down on the town for about 40 minutes from the three heavy cruisers Blucher, Seydlitz and Moltke which emerged from the mist shortly after 8am on 16 December 1914. [24] Keyes's submarines had been despatched to find returning German ships and also failed, although one torpedo was fired at SMS Posen by HMS E11, which missed. Hipper initially attempted to catch up with his cruisers and come to their aid but once they reported the presence of British battleships to the south and that they had slipped past, he turned north to avoid them. The previous year, on 13 th Sept 1940, a man was killed near an air raid shelter at … Video'Mosul is healing': Rebuilding the historic city, French skiers swerve Covid in cross-country boom. [29][30], The German ships fired 1,150 shells into Hartlepool, striking targets including the steelworks, gasworks, railways, seven churches and 300 houses. 'Mosul is healing': Rebuilding the historic city. The Imperial German Navy made major attacks on Scarborough, Hartlepool, West Hartlepool, and Whitby on 16 December 1914. The five-minute long newsreel shows the aftermath of the bombardment of Hartlepool on 16 December 1914. [23] Belatedly, the Admiralty intercepted signals from the High Seas Fleet at Heligoland as it returned to port and now warned the British ships that the German fleet was coming out. On inquiring where the High Seas Fleet was, he discovered that it had returned home and that his destroyers had sighted British ships. Had he continued, he would shortly have engaged the four British battlecruisers and six battleships with his much larger force, which included 22 battleships. They found their shells had no effect on the armoured sides of the ships, so instead aimed at masts and rigging. Jellicoe resolved that the entire Grand Fleet would be involved from the start in similar operations and the battlecruisers were moved to Rosyth to be closer. Lloyd George has described the war as an engineer's war . Keyes's submarines were to move into Heligoland Bight to intercept ships returning to Germany. HMS Hardy came under heavy fire from the cruiser SMS Hamburg, suffering severe damage and catching fire but managed to fire a torpedo. Hartlepool was a more significant target than the resort town of Scarborough. Hartlepool Hartlepool Cleveland England OS Grid Ref: NZ 506 320 Denomination: Undefined. Jellicoe chose the point for this fleet to assemble, 25 mi (22 nmi) south-east of the Dogger Bank. On 16 November, Rear Admiral Franz von Hipper, commander of the German battlecruiser squadron, persuaded his superior, Admiral Friedrich von Ingenohl, to ask the Kaiser for permission to conduct another raid. [25], The raid caused a great scandal in Britain, became a rallying cry against Germany for its attack upon civilians and against the Royal Navy for failing to prevent it. HMS Ambuscade was taking on water and had to turn away. Dorman Long at Middlesbrough, for example, will be responsible for the manufacture of millions of shells. At 09:30, the two battlecruisers ceased fire and moved on to nearby Whitby, where a coastguard station was shelled, incidentally hitting Whitby Abbey and other buildings in the town. MAIN IMAGE - The main image is photographed with it's mount board. The German ships were at such short range that the shell fuzes did not have time to set and many failed to explode or ricocheted into the town, because they were travelling horizontally, rather than plunging. It is sorted by date, but you can sort it by surname (or any other column) by clicking the column header. At 07:40 Jones, attempting to close on Roon to fire torpedoes, discovered that she was accompanied by two other cruisers and was obliged to withdraw at full speed. Beginning at 8am on Wednesday 16 December 1914 two German battleships, Derfflinger and Von der Tann, bombarded the undefended Yorkshire seaside town of Scarborough for about half an hour. The German ships withdrew, reporting another contact with an enemy force to Ingenohl. Read about our approach to external linking. The Zeppelin moved about as if not certain of the target. [22], Beatty received the news that Warrender had sighted the ships and assumed that the battlecruisers would be following on behind the lighter vessels. Bombardment of Hartlepool . At 07:55, he managed to make contact and Beatty sent New Zealand, his nearest ship, followed by the three light cruisers, spaced 2 mi (1.7 nmi) apart, to maximise their chance of spotting the enemy, followed by the remaining battlecruisers. The bombardment was carried out by the cruisers Blucher, Seydlitz and Motlke. The Heugh Battery on the Headland at Hartlepool is the only location in England where our land forces engaged the enemy strike force during World War One. Inhabitants gazing at their wrecked dwellings . The two remaining British light cruisers moved off to assist but Beatty, not having been informed of the larger force, called one of them back. The Bombardment of the Hartlepools shows a … The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. His destroyers were about 50 mi (43 nmi) ahead, still moving slowly in bad weather. "On getting home, I just took out a few useful pieces and put the rest in storage," he said. The U-boat U-17 was sent to reconnoitre coastal defences near Scarborough and Hartlepool. Stralsund flashed the recognition signal, which had been sent to her shortly before, when she encountered Southampton, gaining a little time. 1914 Air raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby , which took place on 16 December 1914 Source 56-561c-4b04-8979-1f1dd6320480 Last modified 24-02-2015 17:46 Plain Text Schwarz-weiß Negative čiernobiele negatívy sort-hvide negativer negatiu blanc i negre negativo in bianco e nero negatywy czarno-białe … Beatty's light cruisers entered the mined channels to search. This risked giving away the presence of the ships and the destroyer was ordered to be silent. Hartlepool was defended by guns at the Heugh and Lighthouse Batteries located on the Headland at Hartlepool. Tyrwhitt was ordered to join Warrender with his destroyer flotilla but bad weather prevented this. It was found in a box of broken cameras at Tynemouth Market by Mark Simmons, Hartlepool Council's museums curator. Then two bombs were dropped in a field at Longhill, damaging houses nearby. She was travelling at about sixty-five to seventy miles per hour. Due to confused signalling, the first cruiser misunderstood the message flashed by searchlight, passed it on to the others and all four disengaged and turned back to Beatty. The second scout cruiser, HMS Forward, had no steam in her boilers and could not move. [19], At 09:30 on 16 December, Hipper's ships recombined and headed for home at maximum speed. Sound of Music star Christopher Plummer dies at 911, Russia expels diplomats over Navalny protests2, Woman, 95, accused over 10,000 Nazi camp murders3, Actress shares story of 'nightmare' nose surgery4, US congresswoman who supported QAnon loses key post6, Parish council Zoom host 'surprised' by reaction7, BBC team threatened after Boxing and the Mob probe8, What Biden's foreign policy 'reset' really means9, Look back at Christopher Plummer's film highlights10. The attack became part of a British propaganda campaign; 'Remember Scarborough' was used on army recruitment posters and editorials in neutral America condemned it; "This is not warfare, this is murder". [13] At 05:15 on 16 December, the destroyer HMS Lynx sighted an enemy ship (the destroyer SMS V155). [32][33] Eight German sailors were killed and 12 wounded.[34]. [2] Hipper commanded the battlecruisers SMS Seydlitz, Von der Tann, Moltke and Derfflinger, the armoured cruiser SMS Blücher, the light cruisers SMS Strassburg, Graudenz, Kolberg and Stralsund and 18 destroyers. http://www.thisishartlepool.co.uk/history/bombardmentofhartlepool.asp Bombardment of Hartlepool . From "The Great World War - A History" Volume II, edited by Frank A Mumby. Sufficient information had been gleaned on the evening of 14 December to know that the German battlecruiser squadron would shortly be leaving port but did not suggest that all of the High Seas Fleet might be involved. Hartlepool Council’s museums curator Mark Simmons bought a box full of broken cameras and lenses for just £20 at Tynemouth Market in 2018. Hartlepool became the first place on mainland Britain to be bombed by the Germans. It had extensive civilian docks and factories and was defended by three BL 6 inch Mk VII naval guns on the seafront: two at Heugh Battery and one at Lighthouse Battery. Ingenohl took the 85 ships of the High Seas Fleet to a position just east of the Dogger Bank where they could assist, if Hipper's ships came under attack from larger forces but were still close to Germany for safety, as standing orders from the Kaiser instructed. The attack on Hartlepool killed 93, including the first soldier to be killed on British soil by enemy action in the First World War, and injured 436. The five-minute long newsreel shows the aftermath of the bombardment of Hartlepool on 16 December 1914. 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